Dynamic Modelling of Carbon Dioxide Absorber for Different Solvents

In the recent era, the green house alleviation technologies have been fully emphasized and implemented due to the rapid climate change. Fossil fuelled power plants contribute to the globally carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Post combustion CO2 capture (PCC) and natural gas processing plant CO2 capture processes have attained a high consideration and interest which led to significant progress in CO2 capture. Chemical absorption is the well-established and commercialized technology compare to other technologies in CO2 capture. Choice of solvent is very important to optimize the performance of absorber. The aim of this project is to simulate the rate based CO2 absorber model using two different types of solvent to check the CO2 removal efficiency considering the same operational conditions of the absorption column. This project emphasis only on the solvent parameters since the manipulate variable of this project is solvent, while the inlet gas stream is considered constant parameters. For this project, the CO2 absorption process modelling was done using air as the gas inlet stream. The developed models for each solvent were implemented in Matlab. The developed models are comprised of mass balance, energy balance, rate transfer, interface and hydraulic model. The scope of this project involved the evaluation of three different solvents which are monoethanolamine (MEA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The results of developed models are validated with the literature. The analysis of simulation results highlights that the CO2 absorption process more likely happens at the lower segment of the absorber. As the gas flow from bottom to top of the absorber, the gas phase CO2 concentration and the gas temperature decrease. The solvent concentration declines from upper to lower segment of the absorber while the solvent temperature rises from upper to lower segment of the absorber. Both MEA and NaOH solvents results are agreed to the pilot scale experimental results. The developed model can be used to evaluate the efficacy and capability of ANY novel solvent in a simulated environment before it is being tested on actual experimental set-up. Therefore the best solvent can be determined. The objective of the project is accomplishe

Electrochemical & Thermodynamic Behaviour of Palladium-Palladium Sulphide Electrode in Presence of Sulphide Ions

177-178The Pd-PdS electrode is reversible in respect of S2- in aqueous, aquo-alcoholic and alkaline media. The plot of Epd-PdS versus log[S2-] is linear showing that the electrode can be successfully used in the quantitative determination of S2- in aqueous, aquo-alcoholic and alkaline media. The values of Eᵒ, (∂Eᵒ/∂T)P and thermodynamic functions; viz. Gᵒ, Hᵒ and Sᵒ for the electrode reaction: Pd(s)+ S2- (aq.) PdS(s) + 2e, and the solubility product have been determined

A Review of Metrics and Modeling Techniques in Software Fault Prediction Model Development

This paper surveys different software fault predictions progressed through different data analytic techniques reported in the software engineering literature. This study split in three broad areas; (a) The description of software metrics suites reported and validated in the literature. (b) A brief outline of previous research published in the development of software fault prediction model based on various analytic techniques. This utilizes the taxonomy of analytic techniques while summarizing published research. (c) A review of the advantages of using the combination of metrics. Though, this area is comparatively new and needs more research efforts

Dynamic Modelling of Carbon Dioxide Absorber for Different Solvents

In the recent era, the green house alleviation technologies have been fully emphasized and implemented due to the rapid climate change. Fossil fuelled power plants contribute to the globally carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Post combustion CO2 capture (PCC) and natural gas processing plant CO2 capture processes have attained a high consideration and interest which led to significant progress in CO2 capture. Chemical absorption is the well-established and commercialized technology compare to other technologies in CO2 capture. Choice of solvent is very important to optimize the performance of absorber. The aim of this project is to simulate the rate based CO2 absorber model using two different types of solvent to check the CO2 removal efficiency considering the same operational conditions of the absorption column. This project emphasis only on the solvent parameters since the manipulate variable of this project is solvent, while the inlet gas stream is considered constant parameters. For this project, the CO2 absorption process modelling was done using air as the gas inlet stream. The developed models for each solvent were implemented in Matlab. The developed models are comprised of mass balance, energy balance, rate transfer, interface and hydraulic model. The scope of this project involved the evaluation of three different solvents which are monoethanolamine (MEA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The results of developed models are validated with the literature. The analysis of simulation results highlights that the CO2 absorption process more likely happens at the lower segment of the absorber. As the gas flow from bottom to top of the absorber, the gas phase CO2 concentration and the gas temperature decrease. The solvent concentration declines from upper to lower segment of the absorber while the solvent temperature rises from upper to lower segment of the absorber. Both MEA and NaOH solvents results are agreed to the pilot scale experimental results. The developed model can be used to evaluate the efficacy and capability of ANY novel solvent in a simulated environment before it is being tested on actual experimental set-up. Therefore the best solvent can be determined. The objective of the project is accomplishe

Hydatid disease of proximal femur: a case report

Hydatid disease is the most common infection in Central Asia, Middle East, East Africa caused by Echinococcus which is a cestode. However infection to bone alone is very rare. We report a case of Hydatid cyst in bone parse. A 55 years old lady came with a complaint of pain over right hip since 1 year.  Radiologically found to be having osteolytic lesion over proximal femur for which surgery was done and biopsy report showed hydatid cyst. The case is reported for its rarity

Quantitative and Rapid Antibacterial Assay of Micromeria biflora Benth. Leaf Essential Oil Against Dental Caries Causing Bacteria Using Phylogenetic Approach

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationship of four dental caries causing bacterial pathogens has been studied using ITS1 sequences of the standard strains were aligned by using the ClustalW computer program. The essential oil obtained from the leaves of Micromeria biflora Benth., obtained by hydrodistillaton. The chemical compositions of the essential oil from Micromeria biflora Benth was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC/MS analysis showed eight major active constituents in the leaf essential oil of Micromeria biflora Benth. The antibacterial activity of the oil was evaluated against four dental caries causing bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 890); Lactobacillus acidophilus (MTCC 447); Streptococcus mitis (MTCC 2695) and Streptococcus salivarius (MTCC 1938) using broth microdilution method recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) formely (NCCLS). It’s showed excellent activity against Streptococcus mutans with their Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) 0.15 mg/ml and (IC50) 0.10 mg/ml and less effective against Lactobacillus acidophilus. The essential oil of Micromeria biflora Benth from leaf has played a significant role against dental caries causing bacteria. Relationships of the dental caries causing pathogens to the toxicity of the oil vis-à-vis phylogeny using molecular data of pathogens have also been discussed. 1Biological Product Laboratory, Dept. of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-2110022Dept. of Horticulture, Aromatic & Medicinal Plants, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796009, India 3Dental Surgeon, Saumya Dental Clinic, Taigore Town, Allahabad, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected], Tel: +919335108519Please Cite This Article As:  Rohit Kumar Mishra, Awadhesh Kumar, Amritesh Chandra Shukla, Pravin Tiwari and Anupam Dikshit. 2010. Quantitative and Rapid Antibacterial Assay of Micromeria biflora Benth. Leaf Essential Oil Against Dental Caries Causing Bacteria Using Phylogenetic Approach. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(4):22-26

IMPACT OF WEIGHT INITIALIZATION ON TRAINING OF SIGMOIDAL FFANN

During training one of the most important factor is weight initialization that affects the training speed of the neural network. In this paper we have used random and Nguyen-Widrow weight initialization along with the proposed weight initialization methods for training the FFANN. We have used various types of data sets as input. Five data sets are taken from UCI machine learning repository. We have used PROP Back-Propagation algorithms for training and testing. We have taken different number of inputs and hidden layer nodes with single output node for experimentation. We have found that in almost all the cases the proposed weight initialization method gives better results

A Review on Optimality Investigation Strategies for the Balanced Assignment Problem

Mathematical Selection is a method in which we select a particular choice from a set of such. It have always been an interesting field of study for mathematicians. Accordingly, Combinatorial Optimization is a sub field of this domain of Mathematical Selection, where we generally, deal with problems subjecting to Operation Research, Artificial Intelligence and many more promising domains. In a broader sense, an optimization problem entails maximising or minimising a real function by systematically selecting input values from within an allowed set and computing the function's value. A broad region of applied mathematics is the generalisation of metaheuristic theory and methods to other formulations. More broadly, optimization entails determining the finest virtues of some fitness function, offered a fixed space, which may include a variety of distinct types of decision variables and contexts. In this work, we will be working on the famous Balanced Assignment Problem, and will propose a comparative analysis on the Complexity Metrics of Computational Time for different Notions of solving the Balanced Assignment Problem

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract leaves of Murraya koenigii linn in small animal models

Background: The present study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic activity of aqueous extract leaves of Murraya koenigii linn in Albino rats using tail flick method, Eddy’s hot plate methods and anti-inflammatory activity in Carrageenan induced paw edema in rats.Methods: The analgesic activity was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate induced hyperalgesia and tail flick method, which served as thermal induced pain, where the animal were placed on the hot plate and the reaction time to (lick the paw/jump out) from the hot plate was observed, 0, 30, 60, 90 mins. Murraya 300 mg, 600 mg/kg/body weight (BW) and ibuprofen (5 mg/kg BW) was administered per oral. The anti-inflammatory activity was measured by Carrageenan induced paw edema volumes at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hrs using mercury plethysmometer, which served as chemical induced pain models.Results:  The mean reaction time in Murraya at a dose of 600 mg/kg at 0 min 5.45±0.72, at 30 mins 6.52±1.03, at 60 mins 7.6±0.81, at 90 mins 8.8±0.63 respectively. The mean reaction time increased significantly with Murraya at dose of 600 mg/kg when compared with control.In the ibuprofen group, the mean reaction time at 0 hr was 0.28±0.04, at 1 hr 0.34±0.05, at 2 hrs 0.46±0.03, at 3 hrs 0.61±0.05, at 4 hrs 0.76±0.05. The mean reaction time Murraya in group 600 mg/kg at 0 hr 0.27±0.04, at 1 hrs 0.39±0.03, at 2 hrs 0.48±0.06, at 3 hrs 0.68±0.05, at 6 hrs 0.80±0.03, respectively.Conclusions: The results indicate that the aqueous extract of Murraya (leaf) extract revealed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory in thermal and chemical induced pain models

Biochar-Supported TiO2-Based Nanocomposites for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole in Water—A Review

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a frequently used antibiotic for the treatment of urinary tract, respiratory, and intestinal infections and as a supplement in livestock or fishery farming to boost production. The release of SMX into the environment can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance among the microbial community, which can lead to frequent clinical infections. SMX removal from water is usually done through advanced treatment processes, such as adsorption, photocatalytic oxidation, and biodegradation. Among them, the advanced oxidation process using TiO2 and its composites is being widely used. TiO2 is a widely used photocatalyst; however, it has certain limitations, such as low visible light response and quick recombination of e/h+ pairs. Integrating the biochar with TiO2 nanoparticles can overcome such limitations. The biocharsupported TiO2 composites showed a significant increase in the photocatalytic activities in the UVvisible range, which resulted in a substantial increase in the degradation of SMX in water. The present review has critically reviewed the methods of biochar TiO2 composite synthesis, the effect of biochar integration with the TiO2 on its physicochemical properties, and the chemical pathways through which the biochar/TiO2 composite degrades the SMX in water or aqueous solution. The degradation of SMX using photocatalysis can be considered a useful model, and the research studies presented in this review will allow extending this area of research on other types of similar pharmaceuticals or pollutants in general in the future